1. 理解案例，发现可用表达
10+2+3 分钟
开始这次练习 →UNIT 02 · C1 · Higher · PART 2
时间管理：可靠，也留有余地
解释准时怎样影响其他人的工作，提出可执行的时间安排，并说明什么时候需要调整计划。
开始／继续七步练习45 分钟，可分次学习
把完整课程拆成三次聚焦练习
每次预留15分钟：核心任务 + 一个微练习 + 最多5张到期复习卡。完整阅读、更多跟说和重录另计时间。
STEP 1 · 3 分钟
理解情境
A project lead asks why punctuality matters beyond individual habits. Prepare a short recommendation using this fictional team’s schedule.
项目负责人问：除了个人习惯，准时为什么重要？请根据这个虚构团队的日程提出一段简短建议。
这次讨论，你已经知道什么
The Monday planning meeting overran by 20 minutes. A design review started late, and the client update was postponed.
周一计划会超时 20 分钟，导致设计评审晚开始，客户进度汇报被推迟。
The calendar has back-to-back meetings and no time for overruns or preparation.
日历上的会议紧挨着，没有预留超时或准备时间。
Urgent client changes sometimes require a new schedule. Colleagues need early notice and a revised deadline.
客户的紧急变更有时需要重排日程。同事需要尽早知情，并得到新的截止时间。
The project lead can shorten agendas, protect focus time and add gaps between meetings.
项目负责人可以缩短议程、保留专注工作时段，并在会议间留出空隙。
用生活经验理解
If one friend arrives late for a shared taxi, everyone may miss the train. The important link is between one delay and what it prevents other people from doing.
合乘出租车时，一位朋友迟到可能让大家都赶不上火车。关键是看见一次延误怎样影响其他人接下来要做的事。
先想一想
What was the wider cost of the overrun? Which part of the schedule could be changed rather than simply asking everyone to try harder?
会议超时还造成了哪些影响？与其只要求大家更努力，不如具体改哪一项日程安排？
本课先利用页面证据建立理由，不需要编造自己的工作经历。这是课堂练习限制，不是考试禁止使用个人经验。
进入可保存的练习 →STEP 2 · 10 分钟
从熟悉的说法到新词块
从你会的说法出发，听两遍、跟说两遍，再看它怎样解释案例。简单说法同样正确，选最能表达你意思的词。
01 · 从熟悉到新表达
being on time helps people trust youpunctuality builds credibility
准时有助于建立可信度
Punctuality builds credibility when colleagues depend on our updates.
当同事依赖我们的进度汇报时，准时有助于建立可信度。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
Punctuality is one contributor to trust, not proof of a person’s character. A noun alone does not demonstrate C1 proficiency.
准时是建立信任的因素之一，不能据此评判一个人的品格。使用一个名词本身也不代表达到 C1。
02 · 从熟悉到新表达
one delay causing more delayscascading delays
连锁延误
The meeting overrun caused cascading delays across the afternoon.
会议超时导致整个下午接连延误。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
Cascading describes a sequence; explain what was delayed next.
cascading 强调连续影响；要说清下一件被耽误的事是什么。
03 · 从熟悉到新表达
choose what matters most and drop less important tasksprioritise ruthlessly
果断确定优先级
We need to prioritise ruthlessly when the agenda is too full.
议程太满时，我们需要果断确定优先级。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
Ruthlessly is emphatic. It need not mean treating people harshly; “prioritise carefully” is a gentler alternative.
ruthlessly 语气较强，但不是要苛刻对待别人；可用更温和的 prioritise carefully。
04 · 从熟悉到新表达
reserve a period for one kind of worktime-blocking
按任务预留整段时间
Time-blocking can protect an hour for preparing the client update.
按任务预留时间，可以留出一小时准备客户汇报。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
It is a planning method, not a guarantee that interruptions disappear.
它是一种计划方法，不保证不会被打断。
05 · 从熟悉到新表达
what we give up by choosing one use of time or moneyopportunity cost
机会成本
The opportunity cost of an unnecessary meeting is the work we cannot do during it.
一次不必要会议的机会成本，是我们在那段时间无法完成的其他工作。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
This is the value of the alternative forgone, not simply a bill or a late fee.
它指放弃的另一种选择的价值，不等于账单或迟到罚款。
06 · 从熟悉到新表达
show others what you expect by doing it yourselflead by example
以身作则
Managers can lead by example by keeping meetings within the agreed time.
管理者可以按约定时间结束会议，以身作则。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
The example must match the behaviour you ask others to follow.
自己的行动要与要求他人做到的行为一致。
07 · 从熟悉到新表达
a shared habit of treating others’ needs seriouslya culture of respect
相互尊重的工作氛围
Giving early notice of delays supports a culture of respect.
延误时及早通知，有助于形成相互尊重的氛围。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
Different teams have different scheduling norms; agree expectations explicitly.
团队的时间习惯可能不同，应明确约定共同预期。
08 · 从熟悉到新表达
extra time kept free in case something takes longerbuffer time
缓冲时间
Build buffer time between the planning meeting and the design review.
在计划会与设计评审之间留一点缓冲时间。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
A buffer is planned slack, not permission to ignore commitments.
缓冲是预留余量，不是忽视承诺的理由。
09 · 从熟悉到新表达
The effects spread and make a real difference.The ripple effects are significant.
连带影响不小
A late update delays a client decision. The ripple effects are significant.
汇报晚了，客户也推迟作决定，连带影响不小。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
Specify the effects; significant does not automatically mean important in every context.
先说清有哪些影响；significant 并非在所有语境里都可以直接替换 important。
10 · 从熟悉到新表达
Tracking something can draw attention to improving it.What gets measured gets managed.
衡量某件事，往往会让人更重视管理它。
People say, “What gets measured gets managed,” but tracking delays alone will not fix an overloaded schedule.
人们常说“能衡量，才容易管理”，但只统计迟到，并不能解决日程过满的问题。
什么时候用？有什么区别？
Treat this as a saying to question, not a universal rule. Do not measure punctuality at the expense of useful work.
把它当作可以讨论的格言，不是绝对规律。不能为了统计准点率而牺牲有效工作。
STEP 3 · 5 分钟
形成有依据的观点
下面是三条可以发展的思路。先选一个，再沿着“主张—理由—例子—边界”把它想清楚。
可靠性
Punctuality helps people plan around our commitments.
准时能让他人依据我们的承诺安排工作。
- 为什么
The postponed client update prevented the next decision.
客户汇报推迟，影响了之后的决策。
- 具体怎么体现
Giving an update at the agreed time lets the client decide what to do next.
按约定时间汇报，客户才能决定下一步。
- 还要考虑
A one-off delay is not enough to judge someone’s reliability.
不能只凭一次延误就判断一个人是否可靠。
改善系统
A realistic schedule is more reliable than good intentions alone.
合理日程比单靠良好意愿更可靠。
- 为什么
Back-to-back meetings leave no room for overruns or preparation.
连续会议没有给超时和准备留出空间。
- 具体怎么体现
Shorter agendas and buffer time could stop one late meeting delaying the next.
缩短议程、预留缓冲，能减少一次延误对下次会议的影响。
- 还要考虑
Buffers need to be realistic; a packed calendar cannot be fixed with labels alone.
缓冲要切实留出来；只在日历上换个名称解决不了过满问题。
可预期，也可调整
Reliable work sometimes requires an early change of plan.
可靠的工作有时需要及时调整原计划。
- 为什么
Urgent client changes can make the original schedule unrealistic.
客户紧急变更可能让原日程不再可行。
- 具体怎么体现
Notify affected colleagues early and agree a revised deadline.
及早通知受影响同事，并商定新的截止时间。
- 还要考虑
Flexibility without communication simply passes the disruption to someone else.
不沟通就随意调整，只是把影响转嫁给别人。
STEP 4 · 5 分钟
把想法连成一条线
| 作用 | 可以这样说 | 本案例的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 提出容易忽略的角度 | What is often overlooked is… | What is often overlooked is the effect on the next team. |
| 连接情境与影响 | When…, … | When meetings overrun, the next review starts late. |
| 强调两项相关影响 | Not only does…, but it also… | Not only does this waste time, but it also delays decisions. |
| 给观点增加限定 | That said,… | That said, urgent changes may require a revised schedule. |
| 从不够有效的做法转向建议 | Rather than…, we should… | Rather than blame individuals, we should review the schedule. |
核心观点
把准时与可靠性联系起来。
Punctuality matters because other people plan around our commitments.
对他人的影响
用客户汇报说明对信任的影响。
A timely update helps the client make a decision.
系统层面的影响
说明延误链条及其原因。
An overrun pushed back the review because the calendar had no buffer.
可执行办法
提出改变，也说明合理例外。
Leave buffer time and renegotiate deadlines early when priorities change.
收尾
点出时间管理最终保护的是什么。
The aim is dependable work, with clear communication when plans change.
框架帮助听者理解你的思路；不必机械凑齐连接词，也不需要把每个句子背下来。
进入可保存的练习 →STEP 5 · 7 分钟
有提示地开口
先看提示，再把空缺内容说出来。卡住时打开一个示范，换自己的信息重说。
What is often overlooked is ___.
说出一个超出迟到者自身的影响。
需要一个示范
What is often overlooked is the delay to the client’s decision.
Not only does ___, but it also ___.
does 后用动词原形；也可以先用简单的 and 版本。
需要一个示范
Not only does an overrun waste time, but it also disrupts the next team’s work.
If we ___, we could ___.
对本案例日程提出一个具体改变。
需要一个示范
If we built buffer time into the calendar, we could reduce cascading delays.
That said, ___. In that case, ___.
承认紧急变更，并说清怎样沟通。
需要一个示范
That said, urgent client changes can make the original deadline unrealistic. In that case, we should agree a new deadline early.
STEP 6 · 5 分钟
换成自己的话
In 30 seconds, explain one effect of the late meeting and recommend one change. Try “Not only… but also…” if you can control it, or use two clear simple sentences. Include a reason.
用 30 秒解释会议超时的一项影响，并提出一个改变。掌握后可尝试 Not only… but also…，也可以用两句清楚的简单句。要说出理由。
回听时留意
- 我说清了超时怎样影响他人的工作。
- 我的建议针对日程中的具体问题。
- 即使不用复杂词，意思也能让人听懂。
忘了案例？只看事实提示
- 周一计划会超时 20 分钟，导致设计评审晚开始，客户进度汇报被推迟。
- 日历上的会议紧挨着，没有预留超时或准备时间。
- 客户的紧急变更有时需要重排日程。同事需要尽早知情，并得到新的截止时间。
- 项目负责人可以缩短议程、保留专注工作时段，并在会议间留出空隙。
STEP 7 · 10 分钟
计时挑战与回听
Part 2 · HigherUse this team’s schedule to recommend how colleagues can make their agreed handovers and meeting times more reliable.
依据本团队日程，建议同事怎样更可靠地遵守约定交接与会议时间。
Effects on colleagues and customers
对同事及客户的影响
Practical ways to improve reliability
提高工作可靠性的具体办法
本课练一个指定主题：准备 60 秒、陈述 60 秒，然后练追问。完整的三选一练习在题库中。
Higher：陈述后由同伴提问，练习主动发问和回答。
完成尝试后，再看范文与解析 · 151 词
Punctuality matters because other people plan around our commitments. In this team, a meeting that overran by twenty minutes delayed a design review and pushed back a client update. The cost was therefore shared by people outside the original meeting. At an individual level, keeping agreed times builds credibility: colleagues can rely on information arriving when they need it. At an organisational level, it prevents cascading delays. Not only does an overloaded calendar waste time, but it also reduces the time available for careful decisions. I would therefore prioritise a realistic schedule, with shorter agendas, protected preparation time and a buffer between meetings. Managers should lead by example by finishing on time. That said, punctuality should not become rigid rule-following. An urgent client change may justify a revised deadline, provided the people affected are told early. The aim is predictable, dependable work, supported by clear communication when plans need to change.
准时重要，是因为别人会依据我们的承诺安排工作。这个团队的一次会议超时二十分钟，拖延了设计评审，也推迟了客户汇报。因此，代价不只由原会议的参与者承担。对个人而言，遵守约定时间能建立可信度：同事可以相信信息会及时到来。对组织而言，它能减少连锁延误。过满的日历不仅浪费时间，也挤压了认真决策的空间。因此，我会优先安排合理日程：缩短议程、保留准备时间，并在会议间预留缓冲。管理者应按时结束会议，以身作则。不过，准时也不应变成僵化地执行规则。客户的紧急变更可能需要调整截止日期，前提是及早通知受影响的人。目标是让工作可预期、可依赖，并在计划变动时清楚沟通。
范文用于学习组织思路，不是要求逐字背诵。词数是内容包的编辑标准；不代表所有人都能自然地在一分钟内读完。计时不足时，保留主张和最有力的理由。
Grammatical Resource
范文用了定语从句、有条件的限定和倒装。
下一次可以试试：先准确使用一种结构；出现某些句型并不能决定分数档位。
Lexical Resource
credibility、cascading delays、buffer 各自解释了同一问题的不同方面。
下一次可以试试：含义吻合时才用该词。important 本身不是错误或低劣的词。
Discourse Management
案例引出个人与组织层面的影响，再落到带有限定的建议。
下一次可以试试：检查每个例子是否推进主张；连接词数量不是官方固定评分规则。
Pronunciation
讲稿可辅助分组朗读，但不能证明发音成绩。
下一次可以试试：案例后及 That said 前适当停顿；不要为了塞进所有词而赶读。
Interactive Communication
追问让说话者给观点增加限定，而不是绝对化地坚持。
下一次可以试试：先接住对方顾虑，再作区分。
以上为教学观察，不是考官认证，也不推算正式成绩。
接住追问
Do you think strict punctuality can limit creativity?
区分有用的时间约定与僵化执行。
一个可能的回答
It can if every task is treated as equally predictable. Creative work needs room to explore, but the team can still agree check-in times and communicate changes early.
纠错、表达选择与练习策略
只有“语言错误”必须修正；“表达升级”提供更贴合当前情境的选择；“练习策略”帮助组织回答。简单而正确的句子不必为了“高级”而改写。
语言错误 Be on time is important.
Being on time is important.
动词 -ing 形式可作主语。Punctuality is important 也正确，不必强行换难词。
语言错误 Time management means manage time well.
Time management means managing time well.
这里 means 后应接 -ing 形式。修正语法后，再补具体方法让意思更有用。
语言错误 Not only it wastes time, but it also delays decisions.
Not only does it waste time, but it also delays decisions.
not only 放句首时，助动词提前到主语前；does 后用 waste 原形。
表达升级 Punctuality is important.
Punctuality matters here because one meeting overrun delayed the design review and the client update.
原句正确。改写补上了本案例的影响；仅把important换成vital并不会补上缺失的理由。
练习策略 Use a complex inversion even if it makes your recommendation difficult to follow.
Explain the delayed review clearly, then recommend buffer time; use inversion only if you can control it.
语法多样性应服务于清楚表达。某个句型、固定连接词数量或高难词，都不能保证特定分数。
三次微练习的内容
1. 听后跟读这句话，让连锁延误的顺序清楚可辨。
The meeting overran, which led to cascading delays in the design review and the client update.
尝试后查看参考与解释
在overran后停顿，突出cascading delays、design review和client update。回听检查听者能否跟上因果关系。
2. 根据顺序提示词及指代关系，排列四个日程调整动作。
- After making those two changes, tell the team the revised start and finish times.
- First, shorten the planning agenda to the decisions the team needs to make.
- Finally, check the next meeting to see whether the revised schedule prevents another overrun.
- Next, add buffer time between that meeting and the design review.
尝试后查看参考与解释
First, shorten the planning agenda to the decisions the team needs to make. → Next, add buffer time between that meeting and the design review. → After making those two changes, tell the team the revised start and finish times. → Finally, check the next meeting to see whether the revised schedule prevents another overrun.
First与next引出两项改变，those two changes必须在二者之后，finally说明之后核查结果。这些是拟议动作，不是保证一定有效。
3. 听简单陈述，选择用案例理由展开的改写。
Punctuality is important.
- Punctuality matters here because a meeting overrun caused cascading delays for the design review and client update.
- Punctuality is very, very important in every company.
- Punctuality is vital and significant.
尝试后查看参考与解释
Punctuality matters here because a meeting overrun caused cascading delays for the design review and client update.
第一项补上证据及其影响。原来的简单句语法正确；另外两项只是重复评价，没有说明为什么。